History
In the 11th century
Seltzouk Turks and Westerners with Crusades threaten the island.
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Then the
Castle of Hora is built. |
At the
beginning of the 14th century knights came to the island.
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Then
the smaller Castle of Chrysoheria is built, that was probably used as the
residence of knight Fantino Quirini, whose marble blazon still stands in
the Eastern side of the wall. |
Later,
when the Turkish raids become more intense, the big Castle of Country is
radically rebuilt and strengthened.
The
population of the island is transported there and it becomes the eminently
built-up centre. In 1523 Kalymnos is surrendered to the Turks, after the
surrender of Rhodes and Kos. However, it is maintained almost autonomous and
because of its poor ground it is not inhabited by the Turks.
With
the sovereignty of Ottomans in the Aegean, the raids are decreased and the
residents gradually come down from the Castle and live in the area around it.
Their main employment is agriculture and small caiques for sponges made their
first appearance.
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The
new Metropolitan Temple of Virgin Mary is completed in the centre of the city,
the first sample of intellectual and economic rise of the Kalymnians. The flag
of revolution will also be raised there in 1821. In spite of all fights,
Kalymnos will remain in the sovereignty of the Turks.
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However, the
sponge fishing and the trade were developed and the Kalymnians built bigger
ships in order to fish in longer distances.
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As the future of the
island is connected to the sea, the new city and the harbour of Pothia are
developed progressively. |
In
1900 the Italians free the islands from the Turks.
However, the Italian and German possession will follow until Dodecanese is
incorporated to Greece on 7th March, 1947.
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